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Noordin M. Top Tamat Riwayat

2009-09-18T21:15:00.002+07:00

Akhirnya setelah 9 tahun lamanya Noordin Muhammad Top yang akrab dipanggil Noordin M. Top. Tersebut tewas saat terjadi baku tembak dengan polisi di kampung Kepohsari, Mojosongo, Solo Jawa Tengah Kejadian terjadi pada hari Rabu 16 September 2009 pukul 23.00 WIB dan berakhir sekitar pukul 05.30 WIB. Teroris yang berada di Solo berjumlah tujuh orang. Empat orang di antaranya tewas dan tiga lainnya ditangkap hidup-hidup. Empat orang di dalam rumah diduga tewas dalam pengepungan, termasuk seorang wanita. Wanita itu diduga adalah Putri Munawaroh, istri Susilo, pengontrak rumah yang digerebek Polri. Suaminya, Susilo alias Adib, juga diduga tewas. Susilo bekerja di sebuah pondok pesantren sebagai pengurus ternak sapi di Pondok Pesantren Al Kahfi Mojosongo.Bagus Budi Pranoto alias Urwah juga dikabarkan tewas dalam penggerebekan itu. Buron tersebut diduga berperan menyembunyikan Noordin M Top di Temanggung.Bagus Budi Pranoto alias Urwah. Pernah divonis 3 tahun 6 bulan pada 2004, karena menyembunyikan Dr Azahari dan Noordin M Top. Satu orang lainnya yang diduga tewas adalah Maruto, pria yang diduga pernah menjadi dokter pribadi Noordin M Top.Seorang lainnya bernama Bejo ditangkap Rabu kemarin di Pasar Gading, Solo. Sementara identitas dua pria lainnya belum diketahui.

Sebelum penggrebegan, Densus 88 terlebih dulu mengevakuasi warga yang tinggal di sekitar rumah sasaran sekitar pukul 22.30 WIB. Evakuasi kepada enam kelompok keluarga (KK) itu berlangsung setengah jam sebelum penyergapan. Kepada mereka, hanya diberitahu akan ada operasi kepolisian dengan menggunakan senjata. Warga tidak diberitahu kalau rumah yang akan digrebek merupakan tempat persembunyian kelompok Noordin.
Penyergapan yang dilakukan Densus 88 dibantu Polda Jateng itu berlangsung sekitar tujuh jam dan berakhir Kamis pagi sekitar pukul 06:00 WIB.
Tembak menembak mulai terdengar sekitar pukul 23.00 WIB dan memecah keheningan kampung yang terbiasa sepi karena jauh dari keramaian Kota Solo. Baku tembak terjadi setelah listrik padam di sekitar Kampung Kepoh Sari. Warga yang mendengar tidak berani keluar, apalagi suasana gelap.

Baku tembak sempat terhenti saat pergantian hari sekitar pukul 00.00 WIB. Aparat Kepolisian sekitar pukul 00:10 WIB mulai memblokir akses jalan menuju TKP. Saat iitu listrik mulaia menyala kembali, dan warga mulai keluar rumah berdatangan ke lokasi. Namun polisi mencegahnya dan warga hanya bisa melihat dari jarak sekitar 300 meter.

Pukul 00:15 baku tembak berhenti beberapa saat. Satu unit mobil truk Ford Ranger milik polisi masuk lokasi dan terdengar kembali suara tembakan.

Rumah milik Totok warga RT 3 RW 11 Kampung Kepoh Sari, Mojosongo itu dikontrak Susilo. Menurut Polisi, Susilo adalah warga Kagokan, RT 2 RW 11, Pajang, Laweyan. Dia berada di dalam rumah bersama teman lainnya.

Sekitar pukul 02:30 WIB, sebuah mobil ambulans milik Kepolisian Kota Besar Surakarta, mobil jenazah Kepolisian Daerah (Polda) Jateng dan sebuah mobil unit olah tempat kejadian perkara (TKP) bergerak ke lokasi.

Dua kali ledakan terdengar dari rumah yang digerebek polisi. Ledakan pertama terdengar sekitar pukul 05:15 WIB dan ledakan kedua sekitar pukul 05:35 WIB. Tidak diketahui ledakan itu berasal dari polisi atau dari penghuni rumah.

Hingga Kamis pagi juga masih terus terdengar suara rentetan senjata api di lokasi rumah yang digrebek. Namun pada sekitar pukul 06.00 WIB, suara tembakan senjata api sudah tak terdengar lagi dan sejumlah ambulans keluar-masuk.

Empat mayat di lokasi adalah Susilo alias Adib, Bagus Budi Pranoto alias Urwah, Aji (perakit bom) dan Noordin M Top. Sedangkan Munawaroh, seorang perempuan yang diduga istri Susilo luka terkena tembakan. Teroris yang berada di Solo berjumlah tujuh orang. Empat orang di antaranya tewas dan tiga lainnya ditangkap hidup-hidup. Empat orang di dalam rumah diduga tewas dalam pengepungan, termasuk seorang wanita. Wanita itu diduga adalah Putri Munawaroh, istri Susilo, pengontrak rumah yang digerebek Polri. Suaminya, Susilo alias Adib, juga diduga tewas. Susilo bekerja di sebuah pondok pesantren sebagai pengurus ternak sapi di Pondok Pesantren Al Kahfi Mojosongo.Bagus Budi Pranoto alias Urwah juga dikabarkan tewas dalam penggerebekan itu. Buron tersebut diduga berperan menyembunyikan Noordin M Top di Temanggung.Bagus Budi Pranoto alias Urwah. Pernah divonis 3 tahun 6 bulan pada 2004, karena menyembunyikan Dr Azahari dan Noordin M Top. Satu orang lainnya yang diduga tewas adalah Maruto, pria yang diduga pernah menjadi dokter pribadi Noordin M Top.Seorang lainnya bernama Bejo ditangkap Rabu kemarin di Pasar Gading, Solo. Sementara identitas dua pria lainnya belum diketahui.

Sleeps Methode of Muhammad SAW

2009-09-11T17:23:00.005+07:00

If there is treatment most healthy humans throughout history human life, from humans previous to the future, then the champion worthy given to our Prophet Muhammad. History records his whole life for 63 years, only 2 times experiences pain.
Our Prophet Muhammad SAW health through his life, because a healthy lifestyle that he practiced everyday life.
How our prophet sleeps
the position of the body, hands and legs while sleeping, prophet according to the anatomy of the human body. Position when he was sleeping that allows the body to rest, so that sleep becomes qualified. Thus although not slept in a long time, was very sufficient for the body to rest.
How to sleep Prophet was the most ideal for the needs of the body to rest, it just known by human after the developing world of modern medicine like this. Ibn Qoyyim, an Islamic intellectual said, "Anyone who watched the pattern of sleep and wake him, surely he knows that sleep is the most proportional and most beneficial to the body, organs and strength."
Our prophet sleeping position is on right side. Then, he turned around leaning slightly on the left side. Then he went back to sleep on the right side again, so that food from the stomach dissolve immediately. So start position and final position to sleep leaning on the right side.
There are 3 other benefits that can be taken from the side sleeping position on right side.
1. for the airway. Sleep tilted backward to prevent the collapse of the tongue can obstruct the airway. Another case when sleeping in the supine position, the tongue may block the airway smooth and eventually cause snoring. People who snore caused deficiency oxygen in their body can occur stop breathing for a few seconds. The person will usually wake up on dizzy condition because they lack of oxygen supply to the brain. Obviously this is very disturbing quality of sleep.
2. for Heart. Sleep right side making the heart is not affected other organs. This is because the position of the heart which is located on the left side. Sleep on the left side of the heart that causes excessive rainfall due to blood entering the atrium too much, because right Lungs upper, right Lungs while getting the blood supply more than the left Lungs.
3. for health Lungs. Left Lungs is smaller than right Lungs. If you sleep on right side, the heart will fall to right side, it does not matter because the right bigger than left Lungs, It’s different if sleep on the left side, heart will pressing the left Lungs. Of course it's not good for healthy.
In addition to sleep on right side, our Prophet also straightens his back during sleep. The benefit is that the internal organs are not depressed. The position is also to smooth the blood circulation.
Prophet leg slightly bent when sleeping. In the medical examination, a doctor will ask the patient to a little bend his feet, if the doctor will check the patient's stomach. The function of the bent leg is to make relax the abdominal muscles so it easier to inspected by doctor. Legs slightly bent during sleep helps the organs and abdominal muscles more for perfect relaxation. Thus, sleep to be more quality and comfort.
At bedtime he used the palm of his hand as a pillow. Neck position is very influential on the quality of sleep. The neck is not straight during sleep causes pain in the neck when he woke up. When people sleep using the palm of the hand as a cushion between the palm, neck and back create a straight line.
After reading the article above, there is no harm for you to do the same thing with what has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW

Let's We Eat Like Muhammad SAW

2009-09-10T17:25:00.006+07:00

When friends asked the Mother of mu'mini, Siti Aisyah, whether Rosululloh morality, the answer is Al Qur’an. So in terms of eating, rosululloh applying God's guidance in the Qur'an.

First, the portion of food "to eat and drink be not excessive. Verily Allah does not like to people who exaggerated. "(Surah: Al A'raaf (7): 31). In the daily practice of the Prophet, "Eat when hungry and stop before the full, fill your belly with 1 / 3 drinks, 1 / 3 food and 1 / 3 air. The most favored people of God is the least you eat and the lightest body (Narrated by Ibn Abbas). Rosullulloh true, excessive eating, not selective in choosing the menu, the toxic foods trigger various diseases including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart, hypertension, Gout, neoplasm (cancer), poisoning, gastritis and premature aging.
Second, choose foods that are beneficial, "O believers, eat of the good fortune that we provide to you and give thanks to God, if you really worship him. (Surah: Al Baqoroh (2): 172).
Third, the lawful food, "So eat of the lawful and good of that which Allah has given to you and Gratitude the favors of Allah, if you worship him Verily. (Surah: An-Nahl (16): 114).
The other problem Rosululloh implement a varied diet, "Eat a variety of foods you for real when the one hot meal can be extinguished by the other cold food"

Hygiene
"Cleanliness part of the Faith". Clean lifestyle is absolutely necessary to life healthy, no longer open to question. Too many diseases that can be caused by an environment that does not hygienist, especially in the category of diseases transmitted infections
Wash your hands cut off transmission of infection chain. Hand hygiene is also taught outside the ablution of the Prophet. "If one of you wake up from sleep so do not enter your hand to a food before you wash your hands 3 times,”
Rinse the mouth and throat protection from inflammation. One of the habits of the Prophet is brushing his teeth, he even said "If my people not to burden them I would have ordered to brush their teeth every prayer" (Bukhari). Brushing your teeth means to protect teeth from damage caused by food decay, besides that, clean the area occupied by millions of mouths microorganisms, as well as prevent the risk of opportunistic decreased immunity.
Istinsyaq means inhaling water into the nose when he would perform ablutions. According to the tumor surgeon Dr. Bahar Azwar, Sp.B.Onk, if there is a hidden tumor in the nose, then the flow of water which swept across the area nasopharyng so istinsyaq function as early detection of tumors that area. Wash face clean up the rest of the skin gland secretions and the sunscreen that protects the face from the ill effects of UV that can trigger skin cancer. Washed his hands and feet by massaging the fingertips and palms, strengthening the peripheral blood vessels, increase vitality and activities of organs.

Prayer Make Our Body Health

2009-09-09T17:20:00.004+07:00

Worship prayer is a symbol of submission a servant to the god that express with all dimensions (heart, mind and soul). Concentration and appreciation of the meaning of text prayer, feel the presence of God and enable our brain and heart to talk with God. While physical movements such as: standing, bowing, sitting iftirosy, prostration, tahhiyat and greetings, activate the muscles and skeleton systems that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic flow, gastrointestinal tract, Lungs and urinary system.

Prayer movement is proportional for body. All formats movement was light and easy to do. There is no constraint for all layers of the age. In medical language movement is a movement which followed the format of physiological anatomy. There is a kind of "low-intensity exercise routine", which is now highly recommended by experts because it is very good aerobic especially for the heart.
Performance prayer makes a lot of our organs in action, especially the muscular system, skeleton and joints. Change the position of prostration done as; physiologically manipulate the heart and circulatory system of blood by adding blood supplied to the brain. Increased due to supply pressure to bow to pat on the head blood vessels (blood vessel pat on the head coach) is more adaptive to face pressure to become more powerful when faced with a trauma.
Takbir is abduction and adduction of arms is the development and deflation affects the chest when breathing. The format is also moving the lymphatic arm system move toward the neck. Formation standing, bowing, prostration sitting down and prostrate themselves 85 times a day launch gastrointestinal peristalsis, strengthen the abdominal wall with regular contractions, empty your bladder. A simple study by dr. Sagiran, formations bend foot on sit iftirosy cause major vascular clamping legs, as evidenced by measurement of oxygen saturation with a Pulse Oxymetry to zero (0), so the train formation of sit iftirosy collateral circulation to supply oxygen in the area below it.
If prayer of our Prophet is contribute optimally to his health. Our prayer is not necessarily healthy because Prophet said: "There will be an era in which men perform prayers but in reality they are not praying"

What's Stroke Disease ?

2009-09-05T20:30:00.002+07:00

Stroke occurs when blood which is supply oxygen and nutrients to the brain stops. Stroke begins with impaired blood flow. The ways to prevent stroke is to choose the right foods.
Food greatly affects stroke prevention. therefore, do not consume foods that contain excessive saturated fats such as red meat, butter consumption, and high-fat snacks.
Another way is to consume soy, which is tofu, fermented soybean, and soy sauce. Consume as much protein, 47 grams or 300 grams to know every day can lower cholesterol, 9% and reduce LDL up to 13%.
Fruits and vegetables can prevent stroke because it contains potassium, a mineral that can reduce high blood pressure. Stroke patients was generally above age 50 years, but it can be prevented by consuming tea because tea contains flavonoids that may reduce the risk of stroke by 73%, try to drink tea every day.
B vitamins may prevent stroke because of vitamin D may help reduce homocysteine levels. Foods that contain vitamin B such as green vegetables, eggs, bananas, chicken, and wheat.
High blood pressure can be caused due to excess weight and can trigger a stroke.
Omega-3 fats are often found in fish can increase HDL cholesterol. This will help cleanse the blood and lower cholesterol, and high blood pressure

Nutrients of Viscera can Prevent and Solve some Disease

2009-08-23T13:54:00.007+07:00

If eating Viscera as food with appropriate portion, you will get the benefits for your body. With contain many nutrients inside it, not only to heal the disease but also improve the body's immune.
In some developed countries like United States, Viscera are not usual in human consumption. Viscera generally discarded or used for cattle feed (pet food) because they are considered too risk when consumed by humans.
The other way in some other countries, Viscera becoming a special meal. As in Indonesian, Brazil, Philippines, Pakistan, India and Lebanon, or in the Middle East countries. Viscera are often found not only in the home meal, but also dished in restaurants.
In general viscera contain of many nutrient substances, i.e. carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, but viscera also contain of high cholesterol. The main vitamin in viscera is vitamin B, especially vitamin B1-B12, folat acid. It also contains vitamin A, especially in the liver. While the mineral that exist in the viscera including iron substances, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others.
Although viscera contain of high cholesterol, but also useful for the health and prevent anemia. Anemia, or better known as the disease is less blood, is a disease caused due to lack of folat acid and iron substance. Folat acid and iron substances are in the heart.
Viscera, especially liver, heart, and kidney contain much of vitamin B that useful for brain health. All types of vitamin B those are essentials to readiness nerve cells of human. Lack of vitamin B12 can lead to dementia (senility) mental disturbances even more severe.
Viscera are also good to consumed by pregnant women if the portion were right. Folat acid and iron substances that have a role, because pregnant women usually tend to get deficiency both of those substances are. Therefore, Viscera such as liver and kidneys have an important role for the pregnancy, because it contains folat acid and iron substances. Although it’s useful, consumption of Viscera should be appropriate portion because of the danger high cholesterol.
Zinc and vitamin A on the part of the viscera are profits to maintain health of epithelia tissue including endothelium on vessel blood. Both vitamin helps prevent damage to blood vessel and it is said by some specialists that vitamin A and zinc in it to help improve the body's immune system.

Camel's Milk against Cancer cells

2009-08-20T23:32:00.003+07:00

A several people do not like to drink milk because it makes queasy and stomach ache after drinking milk. If you feel have a stomach ache after drinking milk, it means you suffer lactose intolerance. It caused by lack of production lactose in the body.
Lactase is the enzyme that produced by small intestine to split the lactose in order that the body can absorb milk. But for people with intolerance lactose, lactose fission process couldn’t digested perfectly so it wills enter to the large intestine and will digested by bacteria then it will causing flatulence, contains a lot of gas and diarrhea.
Are you including people in the affected intolerance lactose as described in the above? In fact, milk has as many benefits in addition to quench thirsts, increase your stamina and osteoporosis prevention medicine as well as cancer and heart disease.
In accordance with Dr. Akram Askar, specialist in the hospital (RS) Riyadh King Khalid of Saudi Arabia, The substance called "AL-NANO" which it’s comes from camel’s milk can be capsule form for consumption as a medicine against cancer cells and heart disease.
Al-Nano is easily digested so it’s appropriate to prevent the growth of cancer cells. The invention of Al Nano-fact in 1989 after the medical research over five years by Dr. Raymond Hazer from Belgium and has been broadcast in one of the renowned medical journal, said Akram. The substance that comes from camel or safinatus sahra (ship deserts) is also to prevent prophylactic excess oxygen in the stomach.
In that occasion, Al-Qasas describes in detail the Hadith-Hadith rosulullah SAW property of urine and camel’s milk, which is strengthened with research that have just done by researches. The Islamic scholars have long been collected Hadith about medical that the truth can be proven through modern technology of scientific research.
Before this, researchers from Arabic conduct research of the nutrient in the urine and camel’s milk, which is believed to cure some diseases. Dr. Abdurrahman Al-Qasas, a researcher at the University of Ummul Qura, Makkah, reaffirm that the urine and camel’s milk can cure some disease among hepatitis, diabetes and skin disease. From the above explanation concluded that urine and camel’s milk beneficial for our bodies and have been proven by experts and by religion. Believe it or not

New Pill Reduce Food Cravings

2009-08-20T15:08:00.002+07:00

A pill a day may keep fat away! That’s the exciting news from researches who say they have discovered a drug that suppresses food cravings. But this is no ordinary diet pill and it doesn’t endanger users’ lives – quite the opposite, in fact.
Called “rimonabant”, it’s being hailed as a potential lifesaver that could reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease, both side effects of obesity which is the nation’s leading killer. According to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, it accounts for more than 400,000 deaths a year.
In one study, Dr Jean-Pierre Despres, of the Quebec Heart Institute at Laval Hospital Center in Quebec, Canada, tested 1,036 obese patients with a dose of 20 milligrams of rimonabant a day for one year.
“We saw this spectacular drop in waistlines and changes in many other factors beyond what you’d normally expect,” says despres. “This is a breakthrough study,” Dr. Richard Stein, a New York based cardiologist and spokesman for the American Heart Association, says.
“For some people, diet and exercise don’t work. If they can take a pill that’s safe over the long term, it could save their lives.” Coincidentally, rimonabant was studied in a sister trial of 787 smokers by researches at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Not only did it double the odds of smokers quitting within four weeks, 84% of the quitters didn’t gain weight, as so commonly occurs.”Overeating and smoking stimulate the endocannibinoid system, and a receptor signals you to eat and smoke more,” says Stein
“By finding a pill that blocks the receptor,” he says, “we may have a very valuable tool in fighting obesity.” Rimonabant is produced in France by the laboratory Sanofi-Synthelabo, and it might take two years to get approval from the food and drug administration. But it may well be worth the wait.

Scientists Make Sweet Discovery

2009-08-20T15:02:00.001+07:00

Good news for chocoholics: the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American research of the University of California, Chocolate contain substances called flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The research have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate once in a while may contribute to healthy diet. Chocolate has also been shown to release ondorphins in the body: these chemical help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy? The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans, in about 1500 BC, and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened cocoa hundreds of year before it became fashionable in Europe. The word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl word xocolatl, which mean “bitter water”.
In 1544, a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift. Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal. The Spanish were the first to add sugar to their cocoa drink. In the 17th century, chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-classes, not only as a drink but also as a medicine.
By the middle of the country, solid chocolate was becoming familiar. In 1753, a Swedish scientist renamed cocoa theobroma or “food for the Gods”. In 1765, James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States, Introducing chocolate to average citizen, in 1876, In Switzerland, Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate.
Since then, chocolate has grown enormously in popularity. One of the biggest chocolate-eating nation is Britain which the average man, woman, and child eats a staggering nine kilos of chocolate a year! In fact, Chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more “chocoholics” in Britain than anywhere else in the world. Researches warn that although chocolate is good for you, it should be eaten in small quantities-and with no added milk.

Bacterial Contamination Rate of The Anterior Chamber During Extracapsular Cataract Extraction With IOL Implantation

2009-08-19T19:56:00.003+07:00

Cataract is leading cause of blindness. It is estimated about 17 million people blind because of cataract around the world. In Indonesia, survey of community health 1993-1996 shows blindness rate of 1,5%, and the major cause of blindness is cataract (0,78%).
Nowadays, the only treatment for cataract which is very disturbing vision is surgery. In Mohammad Hoesin Hospital and community eye Hospital, Palembang, cataract surgery is the most frequent of ophthalmic surgery performed.
One of cataract surgery complication that might be happened is endophthalmitis, which remains the mos devastating complication of eye surgery. Overall, the incidence of postoperative endhopthalmitis for cataract surgery by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification ranges between 0.07% to 0.12%.
Although the incident of postoperative endohpthalmitis is low, the large number of cataract surgery performed makes this a considerable problem and its prevention of utmost importance. Most postoperative intraocular infections are presumed to be caused by microorganism that introduced at the time of surgery. The major source of intraocular contamination is conjunctival flora. Microorganism enter the anterior chamber directly or indirectly by instrument and intraocular lens (IOL). Other source of infection might be contaminated saline solution used to irrigate the anterior chamber or airborne pathogens.
Many studies tried to investigate contamination of anterior chamber during cataract surgery (ECCE or phacoemulsification) by culturing aqueous humor aspirate which is taken in the end of surgery. In some studies, result of aqueous humor culture is compared with culture of conjunctival swab which is taken before surgery to know whether conjunctival flora is contaminant bacteria.
Srinivasan et al. from India, reports 37,5% positive culture of aqueous humor aspirate in his study on 40 eyes underwent ECCE with IOL implantation. In his next study on 80 eyes underwent phacoemulsification, the positive result is 46,25%. In both studies above, there is no edophthalmitis case, in the most common microorganism isolated is coagulase-negative staphylococcus.
Based on varieties of study result in many places, and to know whether there is contamination in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital and Community Eye Hospital, this study was performed.
Patient who met the following criteria was included: no topical or systemic antibiotic therapy within 2 weeks prior to surgery (except chloramphenicol eye ointment one day before surgery), willing to join the study and signing informed consent. The number of sample after being calculated was 62.
The exclusion criteria was patient with history of intraocular surgery, or history of penetrating eye trauma, or there was intraoperative complication, such as vitreous prolapse.
Preoperative preparation included trimming of eyelashes on the eye of surgery, application of topical chloramphenicol the day before surgery. In the morning before surgery, pupil was dilated with 1% tropicamide eye drop.
In operating room, eye was irrigated with 0,5% povidone-iodine. The eye and periocular area was prepared using 10% povidone-iodine antiseptic solution and draped. Conjunctival swab was collected from inferior fornix. ECCE with IOL implantation was performed. The irrigation fluid used during surgery was 500ml ringer lactate with addition of 20 mg gentamicyn with 2,5 mg dexamethasone was injected chloramphenicol eye ointment was applied before the eye being draped. Duration of surgery was recorded.
The two specimens were brought to laboratory. The analysis included: microscopic examination, culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Brain Heart Infusion was used as transport media, blood agar and Builon media for culture and Mueller Hinton Media for antibiotic susceptibility test.
Conjunctival swab cultures were positive in two specimens (3,2%), which were identified as staphylococcus sapropyticus and micrococcus. Other sixty specimens of conjunctival swab were sterile. There were no positive cultures of anterior chamber aspirates of 62 patients.

Taken from Department of ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University
Moh. Hoesin Hospital Palembang.

Future Therapy Treatment With Stem Cells

2009-08-14T10:53:00.006+07:00

Stem cells are cells that have some of the unique nature distinguishes them from other types of cells. Stem cell is a cell that doesn’t specialized it’s mean that stem cells do not have a specific structure of tissue that causes a particular cell has a specific function. Stem cells also have ability to split and update themselves for a long time. Doesn’t like muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells that normally do not duplicating themselves, stem cells capable duplicating repeatedly. Ability duplicating repeatedly is called proliferation. In addition, stem cells can also be cells that specialized through a process called differentiation
Research on stem cells that provide knowledge of how organisms develop from a single cell and how cells - healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult organisms. Scientists currently working mainly with two types of stem cells in animals and men, the embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. embryonic stem cells is that stem cells derived from the embryo, usually at the age of 3 - 5 days. In the phase blastocyt, stem cells in the network, the developing fetus duplicating and differentiate into various types of cells that specialized, establish a tissue of heart, lungs, skin, heart, etc. In some adult tissue, such as spinal cord, muscle and brain, the various populations of adult stem cells into replacement cells that die because of injury, disease or old age. Adult stem cells generally form a type of cell in accordance with their place. For example, adult stem cells in the blood forming spinal cord cells will be formed erythrocyte cells, leukocytes cells and thrombocyte. However a number of researches have shown that stem cells from a single tissue can be a cell which is a type of tissue is very different, a phenomenon called plasticity. An example is plasticity blood cells and nerve cells to become heart cells that can produce insulin, and hematopoetyc stem cells that can develop into heart muscle.
Ability and nature to create unique stem cell, scientists can create a hypothetical that stem cell at a time in the future, can be a primary treatment for various diseases. Currently, the damaged of body’s tissues often replaced with organ and tissue donor. However, the demand needs the organ and tissue for transplants exceeds the available donor. Stem cells, if directed to differentiate types of cells that become more specific offer a source of substitution cells for the treatment of disease, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, spinal cord damage, heart disease, diabetes, burns, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. For example, have examined the spinal cord stem cells that transplanted to the damaged heart cells can formed to be a cells of heart muscle and it’s able to remake tissue of heart. embryonic stem cells also appeared to has ability to directing the cells to differentiate into cells that can produce insulin, so useful in transplantation therapy for diabetics
Although the potential of stem cell therapy treatment for basic diseases are very large, still need a variety of intensive research to ensure the success and security usage. In order to useful for transplantation, scientists should be able to direct the stem cells to have the ability and following characteristics.
• Quickly Proliferation and form a tissue in adequate amount.
• Differentiate into the desired cell type.
• Survive in the recipient's body after transplantation.
• Integrated with the tissue around it after transplantation.
• Appropriate works for the living transplant recipients.
• Not harm the transplant recipient.

(translate to Bahasa Indonesia)

Sel Stem adalah sel yang memiliki beberapa sifat unik yang membedakannya dari jenis sel lain. Sel stem merupakan sel yang tidak terspesialisasi artinya, sel stem tidak memiliki struktur yang spesifik terhadap jaringan tertentu yang menyebabkan sel memiliki fungsi spesifik. Sel stem juga memiliki kemampuan membelah dan memperbaharui diri untuk waktu yang lama. Tidak seperti sel – sel otot, sel darah, atau sel saraf yang normalnya tidak bereplikasi diri, sel stem mampu bereplikasi berulang kali. Kemampuan bereplikasi berulang kali tersebut dinamakan proliferasi. Selain itu, sel stem dapat juga menjadi sel - sel yang terspesialisasi, melalui proses yang disebut diferensiasi
Penelitian terhadap sel stem yang memberikan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana suatu organisme berkembang dari satu sel tunggal dan bagaimana sel – sel sehat menggantikan sel yang rusak pada organisme dewasa. Para ilmuwan saat ini bekerja terutama dengan dua jenis sel stem pada hewan dan manusia, yaitu sel stem embrionik dan sel stem dewasa. Sel stem embrionik adalah sel stem yang berasal dari embrio, umumnya pada usia 3 – 5 hari. Pada fase blastosit, sel – sel stem pada jaringan embrio yang sedang berkembang bereplikasi dan berdiferensiasi menjadi berbagai jenis sel yang terspesialisasi, membentuk jaringan dan organ hati, paru – paru, kulit, jantung, etc. Pada beberapa jaringan dewasa, seperti sumsum tulang, otot dan otak, berbagai populasi sel stem dewasa menjadi pengganti sel – sel yang mati karena luka, tua atau penyakit. Sel stem dewasa umumnya membentuk jenis sel yang sesuai dengan tempat mereka. Contohnya, sel stem dewasa pembentuk darah di sumsum tulang akan membentuk sel – sel darah merah, sel darah putih dan keping darah. Meskipun demikian sejumlah penelitian telah menunjukan bahwa sel stem dari satu jaringan dapat menjadi sel yang merupakan jenis jaringan yang sangat berbeda, suatu fenomena yang disebut plastisitas. Contoh plastisitas adalah sel darah menjadi sel saraf dan sel hati yang dapat menghasilkan insulin, serta sel stem hematopoetik yang dapat berkembang menjadi otot jantung.
Kemampuan dan sifat unik sel stem membuat para ilmuwan dapat membuat suatu hipotesis bahwa sel stem, pada suatu saat di masa depan, dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Saat ini, jaringan – jaringan tubuh yang rusak sering kali digantikan dengan organ dan jaringan donor. Namun, kebutuhan akan organ dan jaringan untuk transplantasi jauh melebihi donor yang tersedia. Sel – sel stem jika diarahkan untuk berdiferensiasi menjadi jenis sel yang lebih spesifik, menawarkan suatu sumber sel pengganti untuk pengobatan penyakit, seperti penyakit Parkinson dan Alzheimer, kerusakan korda spinalis, penyakit jantung, diabetes, luka bakar, osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid arhtritis. Sebagai contoh, telah diteliti bahwa sel stem sumsum tulang yang ditransplantasi ke jantung yang rusak dapat membentuk sel – sel otot jantung dan mampu membentuk kembali jaringan jantung. Sel stem embrionik juga ternyata juga memiliki kemampuan untuk diarahkan berdiferensiasi dalam kultur sel menjadi sel yang memproduksi insulin, sehingga berguna dalam terapi transplantasi bagi penderita diabetes
Meskipun potensi sel stem bagi dasar terapi pengobatan berbagai penyakit sangat besar, masih diperlukan berbagai penelitian intensif untuk menjamin keberhasilan dan keamanan penggunaannya. Agar dapat berguna untuk transplantasi, para ilmuwan harus mampu mengarahkan sel stem untuk memiliki kemampuan dan karakteristik berikut.
• Berproliferasi dengan cepat dan membentuk jaringan dalam jumlah memadai.
• Berdiferensiasi menjadi jenis sel yang diinginkan.
• Bertahan dalam tubuh penerima setelah ditransplantasi.
• Berintegrasi dengan jaringan disekitarnya setelah transplantasi.
• Berfungsi dengan baik dan sesuai selama masa hidup penerima transplant.
• Tidak melukai penerima transplant melalui cara apapun

Now We Know about Skin Transplantation

2009-08-13T21:01:00.002+07:00

Surgical reconstruction of the skin is a specialized surgical action in handling disability on the skin, the tissue, skeleton, and muscle. Defects can be caused by a congenital aberration, accident, or infection disease. One example of this is skin grafting in patients who get skin damage as a result of burns or accidents.
Skin grafting is generally auto transplantation, the skin that are used come from the same individual. This is as an effort to improve the success of the surgical measures to minimize the body's rejection that can be occur. New methods are used in skin grafting, the skin grafting and flap.

Skin Grafting
Skin grafting is a epidermis layer transplantation skin that can be moved freely. Skin that is used may come from all parts of the body, but it rarely comes from the thigh, buttocks, back or stomach. Skin surface can be expanded by making incision that if it made distantly space will formed like nets, so that the width can reach 1.5 to 6 -9 times from the first injury. transplant technique called mesh nets, and this is usually used in the burn which is very broad. To get the blood on the receiver areas (areas that receive transplantation skin) must be good, no infection, and the general people should be good.

Flap
Flap is skin tissue transplantation with the skin underneath the appointed place from the original place. Flap that moved will formed the new bleeding in the new place receiver. Action surgical reconstruction, among others, are often used to improve the disability or difference arising due to accident. Applications are used in this surgical technique in the reconstruction of the nose, improve the aberration on the face of post operation (example aberration in post cheek tumor surgery), etc.
Although surgery in reconstruction efforts as closely as possible to use materials that come from the body’s patient, but sometimes that's not possible. Therefore, to support the surgical reconstruction is still required synthetic materials. Materials before use and must be planted in the body has several requirements, among others, does not cause a reaction, are not magnetic and does not take power. Synthetic material commonly used is silicon, aclirict and metals such as titanium mixture.
Progress in surgical reconstruction, which is one branch of the immune surgery has provided a huge benefit for people who may have been desperate to disability or aberration skin too. With surgical reconstruction of this action are expected to improve the quality of life and increase patient confidence. Nevertheless still needed research and development of techniques that can be obtained better results. It also required the dissemination of good surgical technique on this so that people can take advantage of these techniques more widely

(translate to Bahasa Indonesia)
Bedah rekonstruksi kulit merupakan tindakan bedah yang mengkhususkan pada penanganan kecacatan serta pada kulit, jaringan lunak, rangka dan otot. Cacat tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan bawaan, penyakit infeksi atau kelcelakaan. Salah satu contoh tindakan bedah ini adalah cangkok kulit (transplantasi kulit) pada pasien yang mengalami kerusakan kulit akibat luka bakar atau kecelakaan.
Transplantasi kulit umumnya merupakan auto-transplantation, yaitu kulit yang digunakan berasal dari individu yang sama. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan tindakan bedah yang dilakukan agar meminimalkan reaksi penolakan tubuh yang dapat timbul. Metode baru yang digunakan dalam transplantasi kulit, yaitu Skin grafting dan flap.

Skin Grafting
Skin grafting merupakan cangkok lapisan epiermis kulit yang dapat dipindahkan secara bebas. Kulit yang digunakan dapat berasal dari semua bagian tubuh, namun pada umumya berasal dari paha, pantat, punggung atau perut. Permukaan kulit dapat diperluas dengan membuat irisan yang bila direnggangkan akan membentuk jala, sehingga luasnya dapat mencapai 1,5 hingga 6 -9 kali luka semula. Teknik cangok cangkok jala ini disebut mesh dan biasanya digunakan pada luka bakar yang sangat luas. Untuk mendapatkan darah pada daerah resipien (daerah yang mendapat kulit cangkokan) harus baik, tidak ada infeksi, dan keadaan umum penderita harus baik.

Flap
Flap adalah cangkok jaringan kulit beserta jaringan lunak dibawahnya yang diangkat dari tempat asalnya. Flap yang dipindahkan akan mementuk pendarahan baru di tempat resipien. Tindakan bedah rekonstruksi antara lain sering digunakan untuk memperbaiki kecacatan atau kelainan yang timbul akibat kecelakaan. Aplikasi teknik bedah ini digunkan pada rekonstruksi hidung, memperbaiki kelainan pada wajah paska operasi (contoh kelainan pada pipi paska operasi tumor), etc.
Walaupun dalam bedah rekonstruksi diupayakan semaksimal mungkin menggunakan bahan yang berasal dari tubuhpenderita sendiri, namun adakalanya hal tersebut tidak memungkinkan. Oleh karena itu, unutk menunjang bedah rekonstruksi masih diperlukan bahan sintetis. Bahan tersebut sebelum digunakan dan ditanam dalam tubuh harus memiliki beberapa syarat antara lain tidak atau sedikit menimbulkan reaksi tubuh, tidak bersifat magnetis dan tidak menghantar listrik. Bahan sintetik yang lazim dipakai adalah silicon, aklirik dan logam campuran seperti titanium.
Kemajuan bedah rekonstruksi yang merupakan salah satu cabang dari imu bedah telah memberikan manfaat yang sangat besar bagi orang yang mungkin sudah putus asa pada kecacatan atau kelainan kulit yang dimilikinya. Dengan tindakan bedah rekonstruksi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri penderita. Walaupun demikian tetap diperlukan penelitian dan pengembangan teknik sehingga dapat diperoleh hasil yang lebih baik. Selain itu juga diperlukan adanya sosialisasi yang baik mengenai teknik bedah ini sehingga masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan teknik ini lebih luas

Let`s Learn about Kidney Transplantation

2009-08-13T20:58:00.002+07:00

Kidney transplant is an operating procedure to replace the damaged kidneys or suffer from an healthy kidney other people. Healthy kidney can come from donors who have died, or from a living donor. Live donor kidneys can giving one and still living with the one remaining kidneys. Someone usually only requires a kidney transplant only. However, in some rare cases, people may need kidney transplant two that come from donors who have died. Donor kidneys should come from family members of transplant recipients, or from someone who does not have blood relations with the transplant recipient but the organ is matches with the transplant recipient's body, while the results of kidney transplants aboemen planted on the bottom of the front of the transplant recipient's body.
Kidney transplant is recommended for someone who has a severe kidney disfunction and will not survive without dialisis (washing the blood) or grafting. Some diseases require a kidney transplant is Alport syndrome, Berger disease, uremic syndrome hemolitic, wegener granulomatosis and ureteropelvic Junction damage.
Before someone determined to do the kidney transplant, a person must undergo a series of diagnostic tests blood and test. Blood test is useful to get information that will help determine how soon do need transplants. In addition, the test is to ensure that donor organs have a match with the body so that the receiving body does not reject the transplant recipient's organs. Diagnostic test is useful to understand the condition of the recipient's body transplant will reduce the overall risk of the occurrence of complications during transplant operations performed.
Organ donors may experience rejection by the body due to the transplant recipient's reaction to the body immune system. When organs from the donor kidney has planted in the body, the body's organs will be considered as a threat or a foreign object and try to attack it through the formation of antibody that can kill the cells and organs nets. Therefore, in order that organs can transplanted successfully, you need some medicine for the transplant recipient's immune system so that they can receive organs. Treatment generally should be given a lifetime recipient transplant after receive a new organ. Some examples of commonly used drugs are cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil.

(translate to Bahasa Indonesia)
Transplantasi ginjal atau cangkok ginjal adalah suatu prosedur operasi yang dilakukan untuk mengganti ginjal yang rusak atau berpenyakit dengan ginjal sehat milik orang lain. Ginjal sehat tersebut dapat berasal dari donor yang sudah meninggal, atau dari donor hidup. Donor hidup dapat mendonorkan satu ginjalnya dan tetap hidup dengan satu ginjalnya yang tersisa. Seseorang umumnya hanya membutuhkan transplantasi satu ginjal saja. Namun, pada beberapa kasus yang jarang terjadi, orang tersebut mungkin membutuhkan transplantsi dua ginjal yang berasal dari donor yang telah meninggal. Donor ginjal sebaiknya berasal dari anggota keluarga penerima transplant, atau dari seseorang yang tidak memiliki hubungan darah dengan penerima transplant namun organnya memiliki kecocokan dengan tubuh penerima transplant, sedangkan ginjal hasil transplantasi ditanam pada aboemen bagian bawah dari bagian depan tubuh penerima transplant.
Transplantasi ginjal direkomendasikan bagi seseorang yang mengalami disfungsi ginjal yang parah dan tidak akan bertahan hidup tanpa dialisis (pencucian darah) atau transplantasi. Beberapa penyakit yang membutuhkan transplantasi ginjal adalah Alport syndrome, berger disease, uremic hemolitic syndrome, wegener granulomatosis dan ureteropelvic junction damage.
Sebelum seseorang ditetapkan untuk melakukan transplantasi ginjal, orang itu harus menjalani serangkaian tes darah dan tes diagnostik. Tes darah berguna untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akan membantu menentukan seberapa perlu transplantasi segera dilakukan. Selain itu, tes tersebut untuk meyakinkan organ donor yang didapat memiliki kecocokan dengan tubuh penerimanya sehingga tubuh penerima transplant tidak menolak organ tersebut. Tes diagnostik berguna untuk memahami kondisi tubuh penerima transplant secara keseluruhan sehingga mengurangi resiko terjadinya komplikasi saat dilakukan operasi transplantasi.
Organ donor mungkin saja mengalami penolakan oleh tubuh penerima transplant akibat adanya reaksi sistem imun tubuh. Ketika organ ginjal dari donor ditanamkan pada tubuh seseorang, tubuhnya akan menganggap organ tersebut sebagai ancaman atau benda asing dan berusaha menyerangnya melalui pembentukan antibodi yang dapat membunuh sel dan jaring organ tersebut. Oleh karena itu, agar organ dapat ditransplantasi dengan sukses, diperlukan beberapa medicine untuk menekan sistem imun penerima transplant sehingga dapat menerima organ tersebut. Pengobatan umumnya perlu diberikan seumur hidup penerima transplant setelah menerima organ yang baru. Beberapa contoh obat yang umum digunakan adalah cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine dan mycophenolate mofetil.

More about AIDS

2009-08-13T20:55:00.003+07:00

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the Helper T-cells in the immune system. HIV can be latent For many years before it active, with make a colony HIV and destroy the main cell. Attack and reduce the amount of helper T-cells , HIV weakens the body's ability to fight disease. Someone who may be infected with HIV can be a victim if they get of many diseases because the weak immune system. AIDS is the name given by various diseases colony caused by immune system weakening.

Spread And Symptoms of AIDS
Every 100 people affected by HIV, 12 of them showed signs or symptoms of AIDS. The first symptoms of the disease usually like influenza, that is gland limfe’s inflammation and increased body temperature. Symptoms will be followed by a period for even for many months or years haven’t symptoms of a disease. Other symptoms appear such as skin cancer or pneumonia.
HIV can be transmitted through blood or semen. HIV enters the body through cuts or syringe that has been contaminated with blood that contain HIV. Several ways are as follows.
• The use of syringe alternately in drug addict. HIV infected blood that can stick to the syringe and if it used by another person, HIV can enter the person's blood stream.
• a blood transfusion. Blood that contaminated by HIV can enter the body reciever
• sexual relationship with alternately couples, there is the possibility contain HIV can transmit HIV. Gay couples are also risk of contracting HIV. This is because of sexual relations between anus can cause injury. If one of the gay couples are infected by HIV, other couples can be victim of HIV.
• HIV can be transmitted from a pregnant mother to the baby or baby who is given milk by their mother. Mother’s blood flow to the body of a baby through plasenta so that HIV will also be brought to the baby. Mother’s milk that is also infected HIV, the liquid stream containing HIV through her milk to the baby’s blood.

Prevention of HIV
Until this time is not yet found a vaccine or cure for HIV. Scientists trying to develop medicine that make HIV inactive. However, the problem is the medicine can damage the limfosit. Limfosit shrinkage or damage can cause people to further infection. One of the medicines are zidovudine (AZT). Medicine stop the replication of HIV and impede the activities. However, the drug may cause harmful effects, including anemia. Various research to find a HIV vaccine continues to be made. However, HIV can changing the virus composer protein so that will be difficult to make vaccine for HIV.
Prevention the spreading of HIV can be done in the following way.
• Do not use the syringe alternately.
• No sexual contact with alternately couples.
• Checking of blood from donors of the possibility contaminated by HIV.
• Providing educational programs that will make people concerned about the spread of HIV and how to prevent.

(translate to Bahasa Indonesia)
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) disebabkan oleh Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV menyerang sel T pembantu (Helper T-cells) dalam system imun. HIV dapat bersifat laten Selama bertahun – tahun sebelum aktif, yaitu menggandakan diri dan menghancurkan sel inang. Dengan menyerang dan mengurangi jumlah sel –sel pembantu, HIV melemahkan kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan penyakit. Seseorang yang terinfeksi HIV dapat mengalami kematian jika terkena berbagai penyakit karena melemahnya system imun. AIDS sebenarnya adalah nama yang diberikan terhadap terkumpulnya berbagai penyakit yang disebabkan oleh melemahnya system imun.

Gejala dan Penularan AIDS
Setiap 100 orang yang terkena HIV, 12 diantaranya menunjukan tanda atau gejala AIDS. Gejala awal yang terjadi biasanya penyakit yang menyerupai flu, yaitu membengkaknya kelenjar limfe dan meningkatnya suhu tubuh. Gejala ini akan diikuti oleh suatu periode selama berbulan – bulan bahkan bertahun – tahun tidak ada gejala suatu penyakit. Gejala lain yang tampak misalnya kanker kulit atau pneumonia.
HIV dapat ditularkan melalui darah atau semen. HIV memasuki tubuh melalui luka atau jarum suntik yang telah terkontaminasi dengan darah yang mengandung HIV.beberapa cara penularan HIV adalah sebagai berikut.
• Penggunaan jarum suntik secara bergantian pada pecandu narkotika. Darah yang terinfeksi HIV dapat menempel ke jarum suntik dan jika digunakan oleh orang lain, HIV dapat masuk ke dalam aliran darah orang tersebut.
• Transfusi darah. Darah yang terkontaminasi HIV dapat masuk ke tubuh resipien
• Hubungan sexual dengan berganti – ganti pasangan, kemungkinan ada pasangan yang terinfeksi HIV sehingga dapat menularkan HIV. Pasangan yang homoseksual juga beresiko tertular HIV. Hal ini dikarenakan hubungan seksual antar anus dapat menyebabkan luka. Jika salah satu pasangan homoseksual terinfeksi HIV, pasangan lainnya dapat tertular HIV.
• HIV dapat menular dari ibu yang hamil ke bayi yang dikandung atau dari ibu ke bayi yang diberi susu. Darah ibu mengalir ke tubuh bayi melalui plasenta sehingga HIV juga akan terbawa ke bayi. Air susu ibu yang terinfeksi HIV juga mengalirkan darah yang mengandung HIV melalui air susunya ke dalam tubuh bayi.

Penanggulangan dan Pencegahan HIV
Sampai pada saat ini belum ditemukan obat atau vaksin untuk HIV. Para ilmuwan mencoba mengembangkan obat – obatan yang membuat HIV inaktif. Akan tetapi, yang menjadi permasalahannya adalah obat – obatan dapat merusak limfosit. Berkurangnya atau rusaknya limfosit dapat menyebabkan penderita mengalami infeksi lebih lanjut. Salah satu obat yang dikembangkan adalah zidovudine (AZT). Obat ini menghentikan replikasi HIV dan menghalangi aktivitasnya. Namun, obat tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak yang berbahaya, yaitu anemia. Berbagai penelitian untuk menemukan Vaksin HIV terus dilakukan. Akan tetapi, HIV dapat mengubah protein penyusun virus sehingga akan sulit untuk membuat vaksin yang benar – benar tepat untuk HIV.
Pencegahan menularnya HIV dapat dilakukan dengan cara berikut.
• Tidak menggunakan jarum suntik secara bergantian.
• Tidak melakukan hubungan seksual dengan berganti – ganti pasangan.
• Memeriksa darah dari donor terhadap kemungkinan terkontaminasi HIV.
• Pengadaan program pendidikan yang membuat orang peduli akan penularan HIV dan bagaimana pencegahannya.